Aug 15
1461 Empire of Trebizond surrenders to forces of Sultan Mehmed II, the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to fall; Emperor David is exiled and later executed
1483 Sistine Chapel to Our Lady of the Assumption in Vatican City is consecrated with a Mass by Pope Sixtus IV
1851 Second US National Women's Rights Convention convenes in Brinley Hall, Worcester, Massachusetts
1900 Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi, her family, and court retainers flee Peking for Xi'an as foreign troops move through the capital in an attempt to quell the Boxer Rebellion
New Zealand's All Blacks play their first rugby test match against Australia's Wallabies at the Sydney Cricket Ground, the All Blacks win 22-3
1918 "The Sinking of the Lusitania" by Winsor McCay is produced; at 12 minutes long, it is the longest work of animation at that time
1939 The Wizard of Oz, an American musical fantasy film adaptation of L. Frank Baum's book, premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood; directed by Victor Fleming and King Vidor with a cast featuring Judy Garland (Dorothy), Ray Bolger (Scarecrow), Jack Haley (Tin Man), Bert Lahr (Cowardly Lion), Frank Morgan (Wizard), Billie Burke (Glinda), and Margaret Hamilton (Wicked Witch); songs by Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg
1947 India gains independence from the United Kingdom and remains a dominion until 1950
1969 Woodstock Festival opens in Bethel, New York, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm; performers include Richie Havens, Tim Hardin, Ravi Shankar, Melanie, Arlo Guthrie, and Joan Baez
1998 Omagh bombing in Northern Ireland, the worst terrorist incident of The Troubles, kills 29 people and injures about 220
2021 Afghan President Ashraf Ghani flees the country as Taliban forces enter the capital Kabul and take control


