1346 Battle of Crécy: Edward III's English longbows defeat Philip VI's army south of Calais in northern France; cannons are used for the first time in battle
1682 English astronomer Edmond Halley first observes the comet named after him
1873 The first free kindergarten in the United States is started by Susan Blow in Carondelet, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri
1907 Harry Houdini escapes from chains underwater in 57 seconds at Aquatic Park in San Francisco, California
1937 General Franco's Nationalist troops conquer Santander during the Spanish Civil War
1951 The film "An American in Paris," with music by George Gershwin, directed by Vincente Minnelli, and starring Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron, premieres in London (Academy Award for Best Picture, 1952)
1968 "Hey Jude" single is released by the Beatles in the US (Billboard Song of the Year 1968, Billboard 10th biggest song of all time 2013)
1971 Bobby Orr signs a five-year contract with the Boston Bruins worth one million dollars, the first million-dollar contract in NHL history
1996 US President Bill Clinton signs welfare reform into law, representing a major shift in welfare policy
2013 All 25,000 applicants to the University of Liberia fail their university entrance examination
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