43 BC Octavian, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him consul
1477 When Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, presented his young wife with a diamond ring he began a tradition that has lasted for five and a half centuries.
1661 The world's "most mysterious book," a codex known as the Voynich manuscript and written in an unknown script, is sent by the rector of Charles University in Prague to a Jesuit scholar (now in Yale University's Beinecke Library and still undeciphered)
1900 Start of the first and only Olympic cricket match as Great Britain defeats France by 158 runs in Paris
1942 World War II: Over 4,000 Canadian and British soldiers are killed, wounded, or captured during a raid on Dieppe, France
1950 ABC begins broadcasting Saturday morning kids' shows (Animal Clinic and Acrobat Ranch)
1970 The Chinese community in South Africa is granted "white" status
1988 Iran and Iraq begin a ceasefire in their eight-year-old war at 11 pm EDT
1991 Conservative members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union attempt to depose Mikhail Gorbachev in a coup d'état [1] www.onthisday.com/russia/conservative_coup.php
2008 Lady Gaga's debut album, "The Fame," is released by Interscope Records (Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album 2010)
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