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48 BC Caesar's Civil War: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey the Great at the Battle of Pharsalus, forcing Pompey to flee to Egypt.
378 Battle of Adrianople: Gothic rebel army defeats Roman forces under Emperor Valens, who is killed.
1790 Robert Gray's Columbia Rediviva returns to Boston after a 3-year journey as the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe.
1898 Rudolf Diesel of Germany obtains patent #608,845 for his internal combustion engine, later known as the diesel engine.
1900 1st International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Boston, MA: Dwight Davis and Holcombe Ward beat Ernest Black and Herbert Roper Barrett 6-4, 6-4, 6-4 to give the US an unassailable 3-0 lead over the British Isles.
1930 Animated character Betty Boop debuts in Max Fleischer's cartoon "Dizzy Dishes"
1942 Mahatma Gandhi and 50 others are arrested in Bombay after the passing of a "Quit India" motion and campaign by the All India Congress Committee.
1945 US drops second atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Nagasaki, Japan, destroying part of the city.
1965 Singapore separates from the Federation of Malaysia and gains independence.
1974 Richard Nixon resigns as President of the United States, and Vice President Gerald Ford takes the oath of office to become the 38th US President.
1997 "Just to See You Smile" single released by Tim McGraw (Billboard Song of the Year 1998)
2012 Jamaican sprint superstar Usain Bolt wins the 200m at the London Olympics in 19.32 seconds, becoming the first to win the 100m and 200m double in consecutive Olympics.
2020 Disputed Belarusian presidential election sees longtime dictator Alexander Lukashenko officially win 80% of the votes but unofficially lose 60-70% of the votes to main opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, sparking widespread protests in Belarus and international condemnation.
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