Today in History - onthisday.com

                                                                  Sept 7th

1714 Treaty of Baden is signed by the Holy Roman Empire and France, ending the War of the Spanish Succession; France retains Alsace and Landau, and Austria gains the east bank of the Rhine 

1812 Battle of Borodino: Napoleon Bonaparte wins a Pyrrhic victory against Russian General Mikhail Kutuzov in the most ferocious battle of the Napoleonic era; 70,000 are killed 

1822 Pedro I, son of King John VI, declares Brazil's independence from Portugal (Independence Day)

1888 Edith Eleanor McLean is the first baby placed in an incubator at State Emigrant Hospital on Ward's Island, New York 

1892 American John L Sullivan reigned as world boxing champion for ten years – until new rules tamed the sport and put a stop to bare-knuckle fighting

1896 A. H. Whiting wins the first automobile race held on a closed-circuit track in Cranston, Rhode Island

1813 "Uncle Sam" is first used to refer to the US by Troy Post of New York

1902 In Australia, the entire nation observes a "day of humiliation" and prays for rain as a terrible drought kills livestock and threatens crops; rain begins to fall on September 10

1909 Eugene Lefebvre becomes the first pilot to die in an aircraft while test piloting a new French-built Wright biplane at Juvisy

1940 Beginning of the Blitz as the German Luftwaffe bombs London for the first of 57 consecutive nights, losing 41 bombers as the Nazis prepare to invade Britain 

1980 32nd Emmy Awards, notable for proceeding despite 51 of the 52 nominated performers boycotting the event due to a strike by members of the Screen Actors Guild: "Taxi," "Lou Grant," Ed Asner, and Barbara Bel Geddes win

1996 Rapper Tupac Shakur is shot multiple times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas and dies 6 days later